What is the outcome of cytokinesis?

Cytokinesis is the final process in cell division, specifically following mitosis or meiosis, where the cytoplasm of a parental cell divides into two daughter cells. The outcome of cytokinesis is indeed that a single cell becomes two distinct cells, each with the same genetic material as the original cell.

This process involves various proteins and structures that create a cleavage furrow or a cell plate (depending on whether the organism is animal or plant, respectively), ultimately leading to the physical separation of the two cells. The result is two separate entities that can then function independently, which is essential for growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms.

Other options focus on different aspects of cell biology. Doubling of chromosomes pertains more closely to the process of DNA replication that occurs before cell division, rather than the outcome of cytokinesis itself. Production of gametes refers to a different type of cell division (meiosis) that results in sex cells, not an outcome of cytokinesis in a somatic context. Lastly, a reduction in cell size does not accurately describe any significant outcome of the division process, as cytokinesis is about the separation and formation of new cells rather than a decrease in overall size.