What happens to carbon dioxide and blood pH levels during hyperventilation?

During hyperventilation, an individual breathes at an increased rate or depth, which results in excessive exhalation of carbon dioxide (CO2). As carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream decrease, the balance of carbonic acid in the blood shifts. This reduction in carbon dioxide leads to a decrease in carbonic acid, which results in a rise in blood pH levels, creating a more alkaline environment.

This change in pH due to decreased carbon dioxide is an important physiological response. Regular respiratory function involves a delicate balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide; when this balance is disrupted by hyperventilation, the body experiences a decrease in CO2 which directly correlates to an increase in pH levels. This condition is known as respiratory alkalosis, where the blood becomes less acidic, promoting the correct choice in this scenario.